Efficacy of Neural Prediction-Based NAS for Zero-Shot NAS Paradigm

In prediction-based Neural Architecture Search (NAS), performance indicators derived from graph convolutional networks have shown significant success. These indicators, achieved by representing feed-forward structures as component graphs through one-hot encoding, face a limitation: their inability to evaluate architecture performance across varying search spaces. In contrast, handcrafted performance indicators (zero-shot NAS), which use the same architecture with random initialization, can generalize across multiple search spaces. Addressing this limitation, we propose a novel approach for zero-shot NAS using deep learning. Our method employs Fourier sum of sines encoding for convolutional kernels, enabling the construction of a computational feed-forward graph with a structure similar to the architecture under evaluation. These encodings are learnable and offer a comprehensive view of the architecture's topological information. An accompanying multi-layer perceptron (MLP) then ranks these architectures based on their encodings. Experimental results show that our approach surpasses previous methods using graph convolutional networks in terms of correlation on the NAS-Bench-201 dataset and exhibits a higher convergence rate. Moreover, our extracted feature representation trained on each NAS-Benchmark is transferable to other NAS-Benchmarks, showing promising generalizability across multiple search spaces. The code is available at: https://github.com/minh1409/DFT-NPZS-NASComment: 12 pages, 6 figure

TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA GIÁO DỤC KHỞI NGHIỆP ĐẾN Ý ĐỊNH KHỞI NGHIỆP CỦA SINH VIÊN: TRƯỜNG HỢP NGHIÊN CỨU TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ, ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ

This research was conducted to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial education on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students. The research methodology incorporates Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The survey results from 355 students at University of Economics, Hue University revealed that entrepreneurial education, which encompasses teaching methods, faculty support, and extracurricular programs, had a positive influence on students' entrepreneurial intentions and their entrepreneurial attitudes. Entrepreneurial attitudes also positively influenced entrepreneurial intentions. Based on these findings, several implications are proposed to enhance entrepreneurial education, including (i) Close integration into the local entrepreneurial ecosystem; (ii) Consideration of making entrepreneurial education programs mandatory; (iii) Teaching through case studies and fostering debates on business ideas or projects; (iv) Enhancing faculty support by incorporating business storytelling and encouraging students to engage in real business activities; (v) Ensuring that extracurricular activities are substantial and deeply connected to the business community; and (vi) Assisting students in better understanding themselves and developing an appropriate attitude towards a culture of embracing failure.Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm tìm hiểu sự tác động của giáo dục khởi nghiệp đến ý định khởi nghiệp của sinh viên. Phương pháp tiến hành nghiên cứu gồm phân tích nhân tố khám phá, phân tích nhân tố khẳng định và mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính. Kết quả khảo sát 355 sinh viên trường Đại học Kinh tế, Đại học Huế cho thấy: Giáo dục khởi nghiệp (gồm phương pháp dạy học, hỗ trợ của giảng viên và chương trình ngoại khoá) tác động cùng chiều đến ý định và thái độ khởi nghiệp của sinh viên. Thái độ khởi nghiệp tác động cùng chiều đến ý định khởi nghiệp. Dựa vào kết quả nghiên cứu, các hàm ý quản trị được đề xuất nhằm phát triển giáo dục khởi nghiệp: (i) Kết nối chặt chẽ vào hệ sinh thái khởi nghiệp địa phương; (ii) Cân nhắc đưa chương trình đào tạo giáo dục khởi nghiệp thành học phần bắt buộc; (iii) Dạy học theo hướng case study và tăng cường tranh luận về ý tưởng hoặc dự án kinh doanh; (iv) Giảng viên tăng cường hỗ trợ sinh viên thông qua câu chuyện kinh doanh và khuyến khích họ làm quen với hoạt động kinh doanh; (v) Hoạt động ngoại khóa phải thực chất và kết nối sâu với cộng đồng doanh nhân; và (vi) Giáo dục để sinh viên thấu hiểu bản thân và có thái độ phù hợp với văn hoá thất bại

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE AND LARGE-SCALE VIETNAMESE AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems convert human speech into the corresponding transcription automatically. They have a wide range of applications such as controlling robots, call center analytics, voice chatbot. Recent studies on ASR for English have achieved the performance that surpasses human ability. The systems were trained on a large amount of training data and performed well under many environments. With regards to Vietnamese, there have been many studies on improving the performance of existing ASR systems, however, many of them are conducted on a small-scaled data, which does not reflect realistic scenarios. Although the corpora used to train the system were carefully design to maintain phonetic balance properties, efforts in collecting them at a large-scale are still limited. Specifically, only a certain accent of Vietnam was evaluated in existing works. In this paper, we first describe our efforts in collecting a large data set that covers all 3 major accents of Vietnam located in the Northern, Center, and Southern regions. Then, we detail our ASR system development procedure utilizing the collected data set and evaluating different model architectures to find the best structure for Vietnamese. In the VLSP 2018 challenge, our system achieved the best performance with 6.5% WER and on our internal test set with more than 10 hours of speech collected real environments, the system also performs well with 11% WE

OPTIMIZING THE PRODUCTION OF A FUNCTIONAL TYPE A RECOMBINANT ENDOCHITINASE FROM Trichoderma asperellum IN Escherichia coli

Chitinases from the genus Trichoderma fungi are mainly responsible for their anti-fungal activities, which allow them to become the most widely used fungal biocontrol. Therefore, several Trichoderma chitinases have been cloned and expressed to facilitate their production and applications. A previous study of the same authors has characterized an endochitinase from a relatively novel Trichoderma spp., Trichoderma asperellum. To produce this enzyme more economically and efficiently, we reported the synthesis and expression of its synthetic encoding gene in the Escherichia coli M15 strain and established the optimal conditions for preparative scale production of the enzyme in its functional form. By lowering the induction temperatures, we observed substantial improvement in the expression levels of the active enzyme.  At 30 oC and 0.5 mM IPTG induction, 1 L of cells yielded approximately 80 - 100 mg of soluble protein, accounting for about 9-11 % of total soluble protein. This figure may be an underestimation of the actual yield, as deduced from the SDS-PAGE data. The recombinant enzyme can be retrieved by simple repeated freezing and thawing cycles and purified to near homogeneity using Ni-NTA chromatography. The purified enzyme showed in vitro colloidal chitin hydrolysis activity. These results could be scaled up to produce soluble 42 kDa chitinase in E. coli. The study demonstrated an economical method to produce chitinases for various agricultural and environmental applications

Using Bioinformatics to predict potential targets of Microrna-144 in osteoarthritis

MicroRNAs are short endogenous non-coding RNA molecules, typically 19-25 nucleotides in length, which negatively regulate gene expression through binding to 3’UTR of target mRNAs, leading to repression of protein translation or target mRNA degradation. MicroRNA-144 (miR-144) was found as an abnormal expression in various diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). We have identified increased microRNA-144 expression in early phase and end stage of OA. However, the molecular mechanism of this increase has not been yet to be determined yet. Using bioinformatics tools, we found more than 4,000 mRNAs that are predicted to be potential direct targets of miR-144, including mRNAs involved in the critical signaling pathways in OA e.g. TGFβ/Smad2/3 and WNT/β-catenin. Results from this research provide information for future ex periments to validate miR-144 potential targets

Anatomical Characteristics of Facial Nerve Trunk in Vietnamese Adult Cadavers

BACKGROUND: In medical literature, there are few studies provided a precise and detailed description of the facial nerve rami and its branches. AIM: Identify several practical anatomic landmarks related to the facial nerve main trunk and its rami. METHODS: A descriptive study, 30 cadavers in the anatomy department of UPNT from October 2012 to April 2015. RESULTS: The average distance from the mandibular angle to the division of the facial nerve is 40.8 mm, and is 86.6% from range 36 – 50 mm. There is 86.7% case in which the facial nerve is in the lateral of the retromandibular vein, and there is a significant difference about both sides. Eighty percent of the case has the superior and inferior ramus in the lateral to the retromandibular vein. There are 2 cases in which the superior ramus makes the circle of the vein. Eighty percent of the facial nerve is in the lateral to the external carotid artery. CONCLUSION: The distance from the mandibular to the division of the facial nerve is longer. The relationship between the superior/inferior ramus and the retromandibular vein maybe not the same in both sides. In some cases, it makes the circle of the vein to cause some complication in the parotid gland surgery

Arbitrary Form Plasmonic Structures: Optical Realization, Numerical Analysis and Demonstration Applications

Surface plasmon resonance has attracted more and more attention thanks to its wide range of applications in numerous fields (physics, chemistry, biology, etc.). In this chapter, we present different aspects, from theoretical calculation and experimental fabrication to applications demonstration, related to arbitrary shape plasmonic nanostructures. First, numerical calculations based on finite-difference time-domain method were realized to investigate the plasmonic properties of gold nanostructures having various size and shapes. Then the direct laser writing method was demonstrated as an excellent tool for fabrication on demand of arbitrary nanostructures. Plasmonic structures were obtained indirectly by a standard lift-off method from a polymeric template and directly by tightly focusing a continuous-wave laser beam onto a metallic thin film. Finally, demonstration of various applications of fabricated plasmonic structures, namely plasmonic-based data storage, color nanoprinter, tunable filters, and plasmonic-magneto-optics sensors will be shown

APPLICATION OF THE FLUX BENDING EFFECT IN AN ACTIVE FLUX-GUIDE FOR LOW-NOISE PLANAR VECTOR TMR MAGNETIC SENSORS

A concept of a planar vector magnetic sensor comprising in-plane tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) sensors and an active flux-guide (AFG) was introduced in this work. The AFG redirected the magnetic flux at high-frequency benefiting the vertical detection capability and lessening the noise of the TMR at low-frequency measurement. The vertical sensitivity of 19.5 V/T was almost the similar the in-plane sensitivity of 19.2 V/T. In addition, the 1-Hz field noise was suppressed from 6 nT/sqrt-Hz down to 0.4 nT/sqrt-Hz. The flux bending effect of the AFG was also verified by the angular measurements with the deflected angle was found to be about 50º. It revealed that the vertical field component was certainly detected by the in-plane sensor and the proposed method was a feasible technique for the development of the low-noise planar three-dimensional magnetic sensor